macOS编译和运行prometheus2.54

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本篇概览

本文详述了在macOS(M2芯片)上编译和运行prometheus2.54版本的过程，以及安装node_exporter和grafana并使用prometheus指标进行展示

本地环境

操作系统：macOS Sonoma（14.6.1）
go版本：1.23.0
prometheus：2.54

准备工作

首先要装好npm，官方编译命令会用到，我这里是用brew安装的

brew install npm

执行npm version命令验证是否安装成功

npm version
{
  npm: '10.8.3',
  node: '22.9.0',
  acorn: '8.12.1',
  ada: '2.9.0',
  amaro: '0.1.8',
  ares: '1.33.1',
  brotli: '1.1.0',
  cjs_module_lexer: '1.4.1',
  cldr: '44.1',
  icu: '74.2',
  llhttp: '9.2.1',
  modules: '127',
  napi: '9',
  nbytes: '0.1.1',
  ncrypto: '0.0.1',
  nghttp2: '1.63.0',
  openssl: '3.3.2',
  simdjson: '3.10.0',
  simdutf: '5.5.0',
  sqlite: '3.46.1',
  tz: '2023c',
  undici: '6.19.8',
  unicode: '15.1',
  uv: '1.49.0',
  uvwasi: '0.0.21',
  v8: '12.4.254.21-node.19',
  zlib: '1.2.12'
}

在编译开源项目时，本地go版本与项目的go版本经常不一致，这时最好有工具能在本地管理多个go版本，如此用到哪个就切换到哪个，我这里用的是gvm，安装方式如下

bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)

安装成功后，执行gvm listall查看所有可以安装的go版本

gvm listall

gvm gos (available)

   go1
   go1.0.1
   go1.0.2
   go1.0.3
   go1.1
   go1.1rc2
   go1.1rc3
   ...
   ...

根据prometheus项目的go.mod中的版本信息，要用到1.23.0版本，这里用gvm来安装，要注意的是gvm支持两种方式：下载源码本地编译、直接下载二进制文件，前一种执行以下命令

gvm install go1.23.0

注意这种方式对已有go版本有一定要求，例如编译1.23就有要求本地必须要有1.20，如果您嫌麻烦，可以选择第二种方式，即直接下载编译好的二进制文件，命令如下，可见是多了个-B参数

gvm install go1.23.0 -B

安装完成后，执行gvm use go1.23.0命令使用

gvm use go1.23.0
Now using version go1.23.0

再检查，版本已经切换成功

go version
go version go1.23.0 darwin/arm64

下载promethus源码

在prometheus的发布页面选择合适的版本，然后下载源码
我这里选择的是2.54.1

编译

下载源码后解压，再进入解压后的目录prometheus-2.54.1
执行make build开始编译prometheus源码，控制台只要不报错就是成功，最后输出的是一些依赖包的下载信息

go: downloading github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1
go: downloading github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da
go: downloading github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v0.6.0
 >   promtool
go: downloading github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240711041743-f6c9dda6c6da
go: downloading github.com/nsf/jsondiff v0.0.0-20230430225905-43f6cf3098c1

查看当前目录，通过更新时间发现新生成了两个文件，这就是编译结果
现在编译已经完成，接下来验证这个新编译的prometheus是否可用

部署node_exporter

验证prometheus是否可用的方法是通过prometheus采集当前电脑的机器指标，然后在prometheus页面上查看
首先下载node_exporter，在发布页面选择适合自己电脑的版本，我这里是M2芯片的macOS，因此选择darwin和arm的组合
下载后解压，进入node_exporter目录，执行

./node_exporter

在mac系统中这样的文件会比阻止运行，需要手动放开限制
启动后控制台输出如下，可见有很多个collector，cpu、磁盘、内存等等

./node_exporter
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.515Z caller=node_exporter.go:193 level=info msg="Starting node_exporter" version="(version=1.8.2, branch=HEAD, revision=f1e0e8360aa60b6cb5e5cc1560bed348fc2c1895)"
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.515Z caller=node_exporter.go:194 level=info msg="Build context" build_context="(go=go1.22.5, platform=darwin/arm64, user=root@dc3a6de96cb1, date=20240714-11:56:30, tags=unknown)"
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=filesystem_common.go:111 level=info collector=filesystem msg="Parsed flag --collector.filesystem.mount-points-exclude" flag=^/(dev)($|/)
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=filesystem_common.go:113 level=info collector=filesystem msg="Parsed flag --collector.filesystem.fs-types-exclude" flag=^devfs$
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:111 level=info msg="Enabled collectors"
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=boottime
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=cpu
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=diskstats
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=filesystem
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=loadavg
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=meminfo
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=netdev
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=os
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=powersupplyclass
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=textfile
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=thermal
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=time
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.516Z caller=node_exporter.go:118 level=info collector=uname
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.517Z caller=tls_config.go:313 level=info msg="Listening on" address=[::]:9100
ts=2024-10-04T11:56:36.517Z caller=tls_config.go:316 level=info msg="TLS is disabled." http2=false address=[::]:9100

prometheus配置

现在node_exporter已经启动，就等着prometheus来采集数据了，启动prometheus前先准备好对应的配置文件
在构建好的prometheus文件所在目录下，新增config.yml，内容如下

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # 第一个任务是采集prometheus自己的数据
  - job_name: "prometheus"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]
  # 第二个任务是采集node_exporter的数据
  - job_name: "my_computer"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9100"]

启动prometheus

执行启动命令，并且指定刚才创建的配置文件

./prometheus --config.file=config.yml

启动时控制台输出如下

~/temp/202410/04/prometheus-2.54.1  ./prometheus --config.file=config.yml
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.809Z caller=main.go:601 level=info msg="No time or size retention was set so using the default time retention" duration=15d
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.809Z caller=main.go:645 level=info msg="Starting Prometheus Server" mode=server version="(version=2.54.1, branch=non-git, revision=non-git)"
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.809Z caller=main.go:650 level=info build_context="(go=go1.23.0, platform=darwin/arm64, user=will@willdeAir, date=20241004-10:01:51, tags=netgo,builtinassets,stringlabels)"
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.809Z caller=main.go:651 level=info host_details=(darwin)
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.809Z caller=main.go:652 level=info fd_limits="(soft=10240, hard=unlimited)"
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.809Z caller=main.go:653 level=info vm_limits="(soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)"
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.811Z caller=web.go:571 level=info component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.812Z caller=main.go:1160 level=info msg="Starting TSDB ..."
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.813Z caller=tls_config.go:313 level=info component=web msg="Listening on" address=[::]:9090
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.813Z caller=tls_config.go:316 level=info component=web msg="TLS is disabled." http2=false address=[::]:9090
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.814Z caller=head.go:626 level=info component=tsdb msg="Replaying on-disk memory mappable chunks if any"
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.814Z caller=head.go:713 level=info component=tsdb msg="On-disk memory mappable chunks replay completed" duration=24.958µs
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.814Z caller=head.go:721 level=info component=tsdb msg="Replaying WAL, this may take a while"
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.815Z caller=head.go:793 level=info component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=0
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.815Z caller=head.go:830 level=info component=tsdb msg="WAL replay completed" checkpoint_replay_duration=42.209µs wal_replay_duration=547.125µs wbl_replay_duration=42ns chunk_snapshot_load_duration=0s mmap_chunk_replay_duration=24.958µs total_replay_duration=628.75µs
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.816Z caller=main.go:1181 level=info fs_type=1a
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.816Z caller=main.go:1184 level=info msg="TSDB started"
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.816Z caller=main.go:1367 level=info msg="Loading configuration file" filename=config.yml
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.830Z caller=main.go:1404 level=info msg="updated GOGC" old=100 new=75
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.830Z caller=main.go:1415 level=info msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=config.yml totalDuration=13.984667ms db_storage=459ns remote_storage=750ns web_handler=292ns query_engine=375ns scrape=13.677291ms scrape_sd=44.25µs notify=28µs notify_sd=3.417µs rules=1.458µs tracing=12.166µs
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.830Z caller=main.go:1145 level=info msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."
ts=2024-10-04T12:21:47.830Z caller=manager.go:164 level=info component="rule manager" msg="Starting rule manager..."

验证prometheus

浏览器打开http://localhost:9090/
随意选一个指标查看，这里用的是node_load1，含义是系统一分钟内的负载

部署grafana

其实此刻prometheus的验证已经完成了，但如果想了解更多prometheus指标和PromQL的信息，可以部署grafana，然后去查看一些经典视图的详情
先去下载Grafana，在下载页面可以看到各下载链接，需要根据自己电脑的实情下载
下载完毕后解压，得到新文件夹grafana-v11.1.7，进入后执行以下命令即可启动grafana

./bin/grafana server

启动成功后控制台信息

INFO [10-04|21:24:36] HTTP Server Listen                       logger=http.server address=[::]:3000 protocol=http subUrl= socket=
ERROR[10-04|21:24:36] Could not get process start time, could not read "/proc": stat /proc: no such file or directory logger=grafana-apiserver
INFO [10-04|21:24:36] Adding GroupVersion playlist.grafana.app v0alpha1 to ResourceManager logger=grafana-apiserver
INFO [10-04|21:24:36] Adding GroupVersion featuretoggle.grafana.app v0alpha1 to ResourceManager logger=grafana-apiserver
INFO [10-04|21:24:39] Update check succeeded                   logger=plugins.update.checker duration=2.81132025s
INFO [10-04|21:24:39] Update check succeeded                   logger=grafana.update.checker duration=2.811167917s
INFO [10-04|21:25:11] Request Completed                        logger=context userId=0 orgId=0 uname= method=GET path=/ status=302 remote_addr=[::1] time_ms=1 duration=1.309584ms size=29 referer= handler=/ status_source=server
INFO [10-04|21:25:21] Usage stats are ready to report          logger=infra.usagestats